One architect was making sketches of the night-time illumination patterns of the French buildings – only to have his drawings confiscated and destroyed by the exposition gendarmes.23. This, as well as the fact that the two pavilions faced each other, turned the exhibition into a competition between the two great ideological rivals. The very title – "International Exposition of Arts and Technics in Modern Life" – shows the decisive split from the spirit of the earlier expositions universelles. The 1930s was still an era of romance with the airplane; and the exhibit planners took advantage of the public's fascination by arranging the pavilion to show, in every conceivable context, the place of flight in human civilization. The Universal Exhibition of 1937, officially the International Exhibition of "Arts and Techniques Applied to Modern Life", which was held in Paris from May 25 to November 25, 1937, was the first Exhibition organized in France under the rules of the Convention of Paris of 1928 on International Exhibitions. The Palace of Industry was the major legacy of the first exposition of Napoleon III's Second Empire. Italy was vying for attention between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union who presented themselves as great (and opposing) forces to be reckoned with. Now "Art" and "Science" no longer exist as absolute values. The French erected a special Pavillon du Tourisme, where the beauties of France could be admired without the distractions of industrial or artistic exhibits. Almost none of the major nations distributed information about the materials and processes used in their industrial exhibits. The misshapen conglomeration from the 19th century would be replaced by a triumph of art deco modernity, a perfect unity of artisanship and technology. "The old Trocadero will be mourned," remarked one French architect, "but only by those who habitually mourn the dead. Exposition, Universal in 1867; Exposition; Plan of American Participation. It attracted more than thirty-two million visitors. Here primitive artisanship thrived. Jacques Gréber, supervising architect of the Exposition Internationale, expressed his dismay at the lack of foresight in choosing the exposition site and permanent structures: If the exposition had been decided upon five or six years before the opening, I certainly would have recommended a site that extended beyond the confines of the city – more precisely, a site to house a great Park of the Future, with several permanent public buildings useful to the development of greater Paris.3, When the American correspondent for the Architectural Record surveyed the exposition, he could compliment the "cheerful magnificence of conception, peculiarly French," while at the same time lamenting that the overall objectives of the exposition were "foiled by a lack of coordination between the idea and the realization. Nothing in any previous universal exhibition had ever matched this dramatic architectural confrontation. Knowledge was the hoarded property of the nation that discovered and applied it. (By contrast, two years later, San Francisco would succeed in holding its Treasure Island exposition open for an additional year). L'invention du sauvage (Musée du Quai Branly, Paris, 29.11.2011-3.6.2012), Paris, Arles 2011, 180-205. Juli 1934 gefasst. You will pass by the Palais de Tokyo, double building built for the Universal Exhibition of 1937. In spite of these encouraging statistics, most observers counted the exposition as something less than an unqualified success. But in other respects, the Chaillot Palace continues a tradition begun in 1900 with the construction of the Grand Palais. Conceived during the victorious optimism of the 1920s, the Exposition Internationale of 1937 (the originally-planned opening was delayed for a year) was carried out in the anxious zeitgeist of the 1930s. The pavilion was conceived as a monument to "German pride and achievement". World War One was scarcely two decades past. The Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne (International Exposition of Art and Technology in Modern Life) was held from 25 May to 25 November 1937 in Paris, France. "Paris 1937 Exposition" – special edition of Le Monde Illustré, May 29, 1937. The courtyard garden was designed a respite from the exhibits with a symphony of green grass and green-glazed tiles set against red flowers and burgundy porphyry. Parisian laborers in 1937 demanded a pledge from the government that if they helped build the exposition, they would be guaranteed employment thereafter. Upgrade to PRO to view all 11 results. Reclaiming women for the history of world fairs (1876-1937), it also seeks to introduce new voices into these studies, dialoguing across disciplinary and national historiographies. Military aircraft, parachuting, sport flying, and even model-airplane building – every genre of hobby, commercial, or military application – were all represented at the booths of the Palais de l'Air. Anteriormente a esta data celebráranse outras exposicións similares pero tiñan un carácter nacional ou sectorial. Labbé was persuaded to continue, and the work proceeded. But as 1936 drew closer, no detailed plans for the event had yet been drawn up. The exposition was, in this respect, a kind of equivalent to the WPA program in the United States, where the government funded hundreds of mural projects in an effort to sustain working artists. The mood of the 1937 exposition carried none of the buoyant optimism that prevailed in 1900. Artists felt that the fine arts were more noble and refined products of the human spirit. In all the previous events, increased business was recognized as an economic by-product of staging an exposition. At night, lights shined through the opaque plastic, giving a wonderful sense of airiness to the whole. The French pavilion will not be ready in time for the inauguration. On 28 November 2009 the sculpture was completed and returned to its place in front of the VDNKh. At the time when the Universal Exposition of 1900 was in the planning stage, the Compagnie Paris-Lyon-Méditerranée (the PLM) decided to build a new railway station with 13 tracks capable of handling tens of thousands of visitors. What the Isle des Cygnes was to France, the Regional Center, located in a remote corner of the Esplanade des Invalides, was to Paris. Workers are not always swayed by the fine words Peace and Progress. Martzloff, R., and Cadilhac, P.E. Aerial photo of the Chaillot Palace today (photo: Panoramio), As it turned out, the new Chaillot Palace was not the most the exciting architectural event at the exposition. "Leçon et avertissement pour l'Exposition 1937," Arts et métiers graphiques, 1936, numéro 51. 11 Louis Gillet, quoted with approval by the anonymous author of "En avant la musique: en voilà pour l'Exposition!" Propaganda continued the tradition of national displays at all previous world's fairs. The centerpiece of the Air Pavilion was a vast gallery reminiscent of an airplane hanger. . The value of art and science derives from its social utility, the exposition planners announce at Paris 1937. in La Revue Musicale, June-July, 1937, page 99. From the ceiling, gigantic aluminum rings, reminiscent of the rings of Saturn or the paths of electrons, encircled a Pontex 63 fighter plane in the display designed by "artist-decorators" Robert and Sonia Delauny. In addition, artists were called upon to adorn official buildings with bas reliefs and free-standing works that symbolized the goals of the exposition. By being most emphatically themselves, writes André Liautey, the provinces, "serve a national cause." The purpose of the exhibit was educational; but visitors must have been struck with the fluid beauty of the patterns of light as they flowed back and forth across the exposed sections of the locomotive engine. Now traveling from Paris to London would be an easy adventure, efficient and inexpensive, to be enjoyed and profited from by all. Basingstoke: Palgrave-Macmillan. Within the expositions themselves, however, art and industry remained separate – separate in the nature and application of their basic values, and separate in the very exhibit space they occupied within the exposition buildings themselves. “Long live regional differences among the French!” the commissioners insist. I had just bought, for my holidays, a tiny sailing ship that I launched in the middle of the Exhibition with the utmost thoughtlessness! The 1937 Exposition Internationale was designed in part to effect a unification between these forms of endeavor. – from Littlejohn's essay on the American pavilion in Cinquantenaire de l'Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne (Paris, 1987), page 156. At least one other writer (Jonathan Coe) suggested that the placement was rather an example of the Belgian sense of humor. The organization of the world exhibition had placed the German and the Soviet pavilions directly across from each other. The philosophy was as congenial to fascist Italy as to democratic France or communist Russia. On 4 December 2009 the sculpture was revealed on the recreated pavilion structure. Here the French borrowed from the Chicago Columbian Exposition, which devoted a portion of the fairgrounds to the states of the union. In the shadow of the Eiffel Tower, the two opponents faced off with self-aggrandizing monuments to their nationalistic spirits. The pavilion was nestled under the Eiffel tower looking out over the Seine to the main part of the Exposition site. "20 What a far cry from the heroic call for national unity in the first national expositions. There was little public outcry over the proposed demolition of the relic from the 1878 exposition. Arturo Martini's Victory of the Air presided over the space, her dark bronze form standing out against a seemingly infinite backdrop of blue-grey Venetian mosaic tiles. Apr 14, 2019 - Pierre Jahan, THE UNIVERSAL EXHIBITION OF 1937. Many translated example sentences containing "l'exposition universelle de 1937" – English-French dictionary and search engine for English translations. Art becomes artisanship, science becomes technology. The 1925 exposition, though not as ambitious as the five previous Parisian world's fairs, was pronounced a succès d'estime for France. The major architectural event of 1937– the official "spike" of the whole exposition– was to be a splendid new modern art museum. Though the decorative arts would not be the major focus of the new exposition, the exposition planners believed that the arts themselves should take an active part in the "struggle against unemployment." Bas reliefs showed airlines tying together Europe (with France leading the way), the Americans, Indochina and Africa.
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